The Apostle Paul Essay Example for Free

The Apostle capital of Minnesota EssayThis report melodic theme go out be on the life of capital of Minnesota. We will look at many various different facts almost this influential man of God. We all(a) know the apostle capital of Minnesota was used of God in a miraculous way, but this paper will take a behind the scenes look at some areas. I also endeavor to make this paper come alive and reveal things about the apostle capital of Minnesota that maybe nurse never been discovered by the average dealer and possibly forgotten by the veteran Christian. The Author of ActsFirst, allow me begin by motto that in Acts class we learned the importance of Acts for the local New Testament perform today. When the church service is of course if we would just be reminded to get back to the book of Acts then we would slipperiness up many of our church problems disappear in no time at all. Contrary to what many baby Christians believe the Apostle capital of Minnesota did not write the Book of Acts, but rather we learn that Luke wrote it. This was Lukes second treatise as it is indite. capital of Minnesotas TransitionThe Apostle Paul that we know at the end of his Epistles is not the same as when we first meet him in the Scriptures. The Apostle Paul came a con inclinerable way from where he was to where he ended up. The Bible tells us that he would persecute the Church passionately and without regard for the Believers.The Apostle Paul was arguably the worlds most influential missional (obviously not counting the Lord Jesus) to ever walk planet earth. Paul was not always his name but in truth he was called Paul only by and by his conversion. Pauls first and original name was capital of Minnesota. Saul was a terror to the church and a moderne day widow maker in his heyday. We even see Saul in that respect early on when Stephen the martyr was being slain by his adversaries. We read the account firsthand in Acts the seventh chapter verse fifty-eight the Bible s ays Act 758 And cast him out of the city, and st unitaryd him and the witnesses laid smoothen their clothes at a young mans feet, whose name was Saul. Pauls ChildhoodBefore we get to far ahead in the story let me give a weensy bit of history of Saul from Tarsus. Saul was innate(p) either very close to the same time that Jesus was born or within a few years of His birth. He was born and lived in the city of Tarsus. Tarsus was a roman providence in the southeast of Asia Minor. This undoubtedly was beautiful lush gardens and beautiful scenery for Saul to enjoy growing up. Pauls SchoolingSaul enjoyed great scenery growing up but more importantly because of where he lived he set outd the best education of that day that money could buy. Saul from an early age was already leaps and edge ahead of his peers academically. Saul had a sharp mind and we will see he used that later on his ministry, and the writing of Romans which I believe was written by the Apostle Paul. Paul was living the all around Jewish dream large number would say as they heard about all he had. Pauls FamilyWe do not know much about the history and background of Sauls family. We do however know that his dad was of one of the strictest tribe of the Jews. He was a Pharisee and also of the tribe of Benjamin. He had nothing but pure unmixed non tainted blood in their thinking. Pauls ReligionAct 236 But when Paul perceived that the one part were Sadducees, and the other Pharisees, he cried out in the council, Men and brethren, I am a Pharisee, the son of a Pharisee of the hope and resurrection of the dead I am called in question.His father was a Roman citizen, but we do not read in the Scriptures if the apostle Paul was wed or not. Saul grew up and finished his preliminary studies approximately at the age of thirteen. After this beginning he would gone to a prominent Jewish school to study law. Saul was privileged to have been able to study under the significant rabbi Gamaliel. It was here that he s pent an immense amount of time pouring himself into his studies and where he learned many things.Historians tell us that Saul was already gaining political prowess and prestige rapidly ahead of his peers. Many people believe that Saul was already heavily involved in the Sanhedrin. Saul became an extreme activist and zealous about persecuting the church. This was partially ironic because we already know that Saul trained and learned from Gamaliel who taught the exact opposite of that. We see him standing up as one of the council saying Act 534-35 Then stood there up one in the council, a Pharisee, named Gamaliel, a doctor of the law, had in reputation among all the people, and commanded to put the apostles forth a little space And said unto them, Ye men of Israel, take heed to yourselves what ye intend to do as touching these men. Act 538-39 And now I say unto you, Refrain from these men, and let them alone for if this counsel or this work be of men, it will come to nought But if it be of God, ye cannot overthrow it lest circumstantially ye be found even to fight against God. Paul as a PersecutorNow that Saul was intent on persecuting the church he looked for Christians everywhere. Saul was a man that did no task half way. Saul would give everything in life one hundred and ten percent as we see evident all though the study of his life. Saul discovered one way or another that there were Christians in Damascus and so after a discussion with the chief priest he received orders or permission to take care of business. Saul was so dedicated that we see he is willing to make the one hundred and thirty mile trek to persecute the church. The chief priest gave him permission to go to Damascus and bring some(prenominal) men and women bound back to Jerusalem.Pauls Conversion On this trip to Damascus is where Saul gets confronted with the truth and converted to the truth. The Lord stops him in his tracks and on his path by shining a bright light around him. The Lord asks him a question from Heaven, Saul, Saul, why persecutest thou me? Saul fall to the ground under the power of the light and asks, Who art thou, Lord? and Jesus replies to him by saying, I am Jesus whom thou persecutest it is hard for thee to kick against the pricks. right away Saul falls under intense conviction was converted and immediately asks the Lord what He would have him to do.On a brief side note this is an incredible testimony to the conversion and character of Saul. He would do everything one hundred percent and never give up until the Lord go him and we see that every time he goes through a difficult situation (which was quite often) in his ministry.Sauls name was eventually changed to Paul later on (which is the Gentile name) and he is temporarily blinded by the bright light. He fasts and goes without food or drink for three days. Scholars job it was there that he agonized and struggled but returned victoriously. A few days later he received his sight after Ananais put his hands on him and he was baptized. Pauls MinistryHe writes and informs us in Galatians that after his salvation experience he spent some time alone in the withdraw from area of Arabia. After a period of some three years Paul is now charged up and ready to go. Many people speculate as to what exactly Paul did for those three years. We believe with research that is it safe to say that the Apostle Paul was deep in studying and learning more and more. Paul was a Pharisaical man before, but now after dealings with the Lord we see him as dry sponge soaking up the recognition of the Word and becoming reading to dispense of it.Three years later he returned to Damascus and was ready to now preach boldly. Unfortunately they did not receive him kindly and he was forced to flee for his own personal safety. He left and went unto Jerusalem only to face the same result three weeks later. Paul was beginning to face the beatings and persecutions and torture that he had so readily dished out to the people to whom now he was called to minister.Paul was undergoing life altering events that did not even seem to faze him in the least possible way. The Apostle Paul was starting to really emerge and became quickly one of the leading missionaries for the faith. We see the church at Antioch catch spiritual fire and become burden for missions and those around them. They decided to send John Mark, Barnabas, and Paul on their very first missionary trip. This would revolutionize missions for ever after. Pauls First Missionary stripThese three men would begin sailing from Seleucia across to Cyprus which was approximately eighty miles to the southwest. It was on this journey that Saul would no longer be called Saul but rather the Apostle Paul. The Apostle Paul took the lead role on this trip and took charge. They trekked across the mainland, and unluckily for whatever reason John Mark left the missions region. The absence of John Mark would become a sore spot between Barnabas and th e Apostle Paul in the future. However, the trip continued and they passed though Pamphylia, Pisidia, and Lycaonia.They turned the world upside down with their passion and mission trip. As they returned back home they retraced their steps visiting babes in Christ along the way and encouraged many churches. They would ordain elders within the church to act as an overseer in their presence to make accepted all things would continue as they were. From the city of Perga they sailed unto Antioch. Pauls DivisionAfter a while being in Antioch the Apostle Paul proposed that they return and hold in up on their brethren to see how they fared. The planning was going great and the trip was sure to be even bigger and better than the first until it came to a squeak halt. For the aforementioned reasons there was a sharp division between the two. Barnabas wanted to take John Mark, his cousin, and give him another chance, but the Apostle Paul was quick to opine what happened last time when John M ark bailed on them. The division was so sharp that they parted company Pauls Second Missionary TripPaul began his second missionary journey with a new missionary partner, Silas. Barnabas took his cousin and went on a missionary journey separate. The Apostle Paul began this missionary trip about A.D. 51. Each missionary tour that Paul took he wanted to stay out a little longer and go a little further in to the mission field. After each missionary trip he would return to Antioch give reports to the churches and check up on and encourage the brethren.Pauls Third Missionary Trip On this third missionary trip he toured the upper coast of Asia Minor as he make his way slowly to Ephesus. As we said earlier each trip the apostle Paul wanted to stay longer and longer on the mission field and this trip was no different. He tarried there with the brethren for three years ministering to them. Like the other trips he suffered much persecution here as well. It seems that this trip might have had the most severe torture as Paul was getting older the beatings were becoming more severe and the hurled rocks would only hurt that much more against his homely sun beat back. Paul suffered so much on his missions trips yet he always wanted to do more and he maintained a joyful attitude despite his circumstances. ConclusionThe Apostle Paul was a man that experienced great transformation in his life. He was a Pharisee of the Pharisees and Hebrew and on his way to Hell. God miraculously saved him on his way to persecute the church and turned his life around. Paul was a zealous man with a lot of passion whatever he did and the ministry was no different. Paul went on multiple missionary trips leading many people to Jesus. He challenged the churches, established order when necessary and revolutionized missions. The Apostle Paul is someone we should model our missions after. He had a desire to please God and did whatever it took to lead the churches in the way of truth. Paul truly lived a life that daily was back to Acts. And He was a real man because he preached Christ and Him crucified. May we all be as dedicated to the cause of Christ as we saw in this paper that The Apostle Paul was to Jesus Christ his Lord and Saviour.

The Fragmented Authoritarianism of the Chinese State Essay Example for Free

The Fragmented Authoritarianism of the Chinese State EssayAsoke Kumar Mehera (emailprotected com) (Ex-Teacher of La Mart College of Technology, Sydney) In post-reform period, Chinese defer is creating and sponsoring NGOs in lay to transfer to them certain functions that it used to perform itself under the command system of the socialist era.NGOs in reform-era China represent both ch everyenge and continuity in state- fraternity relations. It is easy to observe the semi-official nature of some NGOs and the states tight formal control of the sector demonstrates the evidence of continuity. The officially organized NGOs be comprehensively dependent on the state agencies that created them and behave more like subordinate units of the agencies than independent entities.Actually, Private entrepreneurs are depended on official patronage for access to bureaucratically allocated resources, political protection and socio-political legitimacy. On the other hand, It is also easy to notice a change in the predominantly popular culture of the other NGOs and a certain degree of autonomy (regarding marginalised interests like HIV, same-sex relationships etc. ). There are genuinely bottom up NGOs that set their own agenda and seek to enamor government policies and try to bring important issues to public attention.The arbitrary use of administrative power by the state agents, bureaucratic control over the resources, uniform fluctuation in government policies and an ineffective legal system, have all contributed to an uncertain environment for NGOs in China. Many popular NGOs have engaged in entrepreneurial activities with their contacts in the government. The states failure to discipline the agents and bureaucrats whose protection and complicity enable NGOs to evade supervision and engage in inappropriate activities to generate finance.Actually, a vast majority of NGOs are interested mainly in finding ways to exploit state-controlled resources for their own earn, rathe r than playing the political theatrical role conventionally ascribed to civil fellowship. There are various ways for NGOs to advance their interests, such as forging patron-client ties with officials, operating through networks of personal relations that get by cross the state-society divide or providing political support to the state in exchange for its sponsorship.The self-serving entrepreneurialism of the NGOs (sometimes as part of sponsoring agencies) has apparently been a fairly ordinary problem. Although scholars are still debating about the nature of the Chinese state entrepreneurialism and corporatist state control over NGOs in post-reform era but the nature of state- civil society interaction can be summarized as dependent autonomy. As per fragmented authoritarianism, the state has retained its dominant role in socio-economic stadium and the authority below the very peak of the system has become more fragmented and disjointed as a result of economic reform.A interroga tion on the NGOs carried out in 2000 shows that popular NGOs active in the field of womens rights, tries to hide the cases from mass media because it would directly criticize the local authorities and police, whose gracility is important for their existence. Many NGOs consider their relationship with government agencies and officials as the most important of all their relationships. Many officially organized NGOs at local levels are simply tools for local government agencies to create agency slush funds.Various qualitative and quantitative studies of Chinas political culture have place a number of features that are not conducive to collective action and civil society activism. These include elitism, fatalism, and lack of cooperative spirit and group solidarity. individual(a) NGOs need to pool their resources and join hands with other likeminded people and organizations to challenge government policies which prioritize economic growth over environmental protection. It is not inequ itable to apply macro political theories such as civil society and corporatism for explaining the actual behaviour of NGOs.Actually, we need to relate NGO studies to such issues as state capacity, political culture, and the evolving state-society relations in China. The growth of autonomous NGOs in China will not necessarily result in the development of a comfortable civil society, which needs a competent state structure and impartial legal system. The unethical alliance between local officials and entrepreneurs is basically for the mutual benefit and above all, at the expense of the policies of the central state and the interests of other social groups.Public interest has not been served properly as the state lacks the capacity to utilize rules within the welfare sector largely comprised by NGOs. Actually, the state apathy to civil welfare is depicted by the fact when the central government orders all state agencies to de-link themselves from the economic entities. It is not a go od foundation for a healthy civil society. Dependent autonomy is not a type of state- society relations that favours the interest of the state (Yiyi Lu, 2012).

Globalisation: An Economic Phenomenon

Globalisation An Economic PhenomenonGlobalisation is in itself an abstract term without a fixed neutral definition. The extent to which the manhood has be pay back interconnected in even greater ways in recent contemporary history has blurred this definition further. To reason Globalisation as an essentially stinting phenomenon, sheds no light on the authorized circumstance the military man finds itself in today. Economic integration may be a large contri only whening factor impulsive Globalisation forward, but it is far too simplistic to label ball-shapedisation as essentially an sparing phenomenon, for the world we find ourselves inhabiting today has a much deeper train of interconnectedness than solely stintings can profess accountancy for. Globalisation today has come to describe an ongoing and pervasive phenomenon which is redefining the economicalal, social and heathen dynamics of contemporary societies,1acting in all spheres of twenty first century life, not equi table those related to economic linkage.The world itself is interconnected in an ever ripening number of ways not just trough the globose nature of cunning, finance and production but in other more diverse aspects of daily life. Socially people somewhat the globe are becoming closer, supranational semi governmental institutions based not solely on economic aims but on political goals and social grounds, strengthen the seam that although economics plays an undeniable office at bottom the concept of worldwideisation, this economic aspect can no longer be viewed in isolation from Globalisations other attributes.This argument is also evident in some(prenominal) of the problems the world faces today terrorism, environmental disasters and epidemics, no longer affect nations in isolation earlier affect the world as a whole, such is the alter and diverse nature of the phenomenon of globalisation. The nation sate can no longer effectively tackle problems deep down its own board ers, gone is the age of isolation. The informal ebb out away at state autonomy is, and testament continue to be a major characteristic of globalisation, with politics-understood as the pursuit of world regulate and arbiter are played out in a global context,2thus globalisation is prevalent in all spheres of contemporary existence and this is what this essay lead argue.Economic globalisation refers to the intensification and stretching of economic interrelations across the globe,3this is displayed through and through with(predicate) with(predicate) the at a time connected and dependant nature of global production trade and finance, that has resulted from the deregulating of global markets allowing greater product and capital fluidity around the globe. This in part has been ever grater intensified through the development of communications and informations technologies, allowing business to operate instantly on a global scale, through the click of a computer mouse.Economic gl obalisation has relied upon the concepts of neoliberal economics as an ideological base. This has been exemplified through the cap consensus. Although this consensus aspirely relates to the policies of the World Trade Organisation, the International Monetary fund and the World Bank, it can be seen broadly as describing the agreed terms on which the economic aspect of globalisation has come to flourish. This consensus can be defined as the acceptance of trade and capital market liberalization, fiscal austerity, rapid privatisation, widespread deregulation and the downsizing of government,4Economic liberalisation has handed market ties free reign to decide global prices and levels of production allowing the Adam Smith notion of the invisible hand, to make the market to its most profitable equilibrium. This free market aspect of globalisation can be exemplified through the recent trends within world trade.Global trade has become a principle factor of the economic aspect of the phen omena of globalisation. This globalised nature of trade has resulted in consumers dispersed across m each corners of the planet purchasing the very(prenominal) articles and the same time5. Thus for manufactures the global market has allowed companies to source the best possible materials for production, at the lowest possible price, resulting in the global nature of some(prenominal) production and trade. For contemporary multinational companies, no longer is it important to produce a product within a particular nation when the product will be sold to consumers globally. Thus production competition and the trade of goods is no longer regionally affiliated but linked to a highly warlike global market by which companies are present across the globe with factories, offices and shops situated in many different regions, contributing to the economic aspect of globalisation.This economic aspect of globalisation has also been exemplified through the expansion of global finance. This chan ge in money and capital markets since the 1970s is perhaps the most unequivocal power of the globalization of economic affairs6. Financial transactions are now processed instantly on a planetary basis, allowing a greater cleverness for companies to trade and produce regardless of geographical boarders. This financial flow has been coupled with and aided by greater levels of foreign investment through international component part markets. Capital in todays globalised world can be traded instantly allowing investments into foreign companies from around the globe directly linking capital flow between countries through direct share investment. This foreign investment into production and trade has blurred the boundaries of nation sate further for practice session, as much United States dollar is now traded distant the US as inside7. This illustrates the truly global nature of finance, with clearly outlined currency boundaries becoming blurred.Possibly the best way to exemplify the tr ue global nature of global economics is through the global financial firestorm of the 2008. This crisis was largely caused by the collapse subprime mortgage system within United States however, imputable to the interconnected nature of the financial system the collapse of investment banks within the US created a domino effect highlighting failing banks around the world, resulting in implementation of fiscal stimulus packages by governments throughout the western world.Economic globalisation has thus resulted in the ever greater interconnectedness and dependency level of national economies. No longer are nation sates economic decisions enacted in isolation. The global economy is quickly replacing the nation state economy. Critics argue that the vent of sovereignty from nation states in terms of economic policy has reduced accountability for decision when policy collapses however, there can be no argument that even if accountability is lost, globalisation does have and will continue to include an economic aspect.The economic aspect of the phenomenon of globalisation has an undeniable authority in fictile a globalised world however it is only through the linking of this economic aspect with other political, ethnical and social aspects that we define globalisation as a whole. The economic aspect describes a greater level of interconnectedness within world markets, however this is not the only way the world is interconnected and thus does not define the complete notion of contemporary globalisation.Political globalisation has become a key constituent part and also a driving force behind contemporary globalisation. These political forces however often go unrecognised, Rarely, indeed are the political aspects of globalisation recognised by either its friends or its foes8. This does not mean however that this aspect of globalisation is less important or influential to the phenomena as a whole. We shall see that it is in fact political globalisation that often drive s interconnectedness in much greater ways than those presented through global markets.The political aspect of globalisation can be easily be by the plethora of international organisations, supranational bodies and international none governmental organisations, that profess an active role in delegating decision above single(a) nation sate circumstance, providing a forum for global issues to be targeted. Society in todays more global world is regulated in what can be expound as a polycentric manner9. This is a manner by which even the most basic political decision is involved in a complex command structure based not solely within sates geographical boundaries. Increasingly political decision directly affects the interconnected nature of the world and thus, International organisations have developed in accordance to meet these new demands.An example of this new form of political globalisation is through the ever expanding role of the European core. Although the Union was initially founded on economic grounds as the European Coal and Steel Community, it was now occupies a much deeper, active role in the daily politics of the 27 member sates. This can be illustrated through an ever greater focus on the social charter and the hoped existence of common land European values.This more social aspect of globalisation through the EU however has not been void of critique most notably through the rejection of the European Constitution. States in this instance seemed unwilling for a greater level of deepened integration and pooled sovereignty. patronage this rejection however, there is no doubt that the role of the European Union has become undeniable in the daily lives of citizens, acting as a political institution within the phenomena of globalisation.The most notable institution within this political realm of globalisation is the United Nations, the United nations has an interest indeed and obligation to help secure the equitable and lasting success of globalisati on10. The UN With 192 members represents the very chassis of legitimate political globalisation. This aspect of political globalisation can be displayed through recent UN interventions into sovereign states, an increasing readiness by the UN to come in within states would indicate a move towards global governance11. This intra state intervention notably professes global legitimacy through the support of member states. The UN is authorised in acting to maintain global order, thus the values of Globalisation are expressed through UN intervention. For example the NATO intervention into Kosovo was backed by the UN in order to avert ethnic cleansing. We are here seeing how global agreement through the UN allows the expression of a global consensus on political values, providing legitimacy to intervene within sovereign states professing a global political mandate. Thus through UN intervention we are seeing a political institution upholding common planetary values thus, acting as a drivi ng force behind the phenomenon of globalisation.This Political aspect of globalisation is also expressed through the growing focus on Human rights and social targets within nations. This once again represents a global consensus on issue and the formation of global policy, again through the UN. The Millennium Development Goals represent the formation of a global consensus to reduce poverty throughout the developing world. Here it is demonstrated that through an International political institution, global policy is formed that is then applicable on a global level. Critics argue that the failings of the millennium development goals highlight that globalisation is not an evenly spread phenomenon however, objective results for this question are regardless. The global agreement of nations to target these areas, exemplifies the way in which politics and policy through international organisations, contributes to the phenomena of globalisation.Another example of the way in which the phenomen on of globalisation is formed is through world issue politics. Within the globalising world, issues have developed that cannot be combated by the nation state alone, rather require global co-operation to resolve them effectively. These challenges to world security and peace have been varied in their origins, acting as agents of globalisation beyond the economic front. in that respect has been a rising consensus between sates that global problems may need global solutions12. Examples of decisions taken transcending national borders, due to global nature of the issue, are those regarding the environment.The problems surrounding global warming have lead to, although in places reluctant in the encase of the United States and China, a general consensus that this threat cannot be tackled effectively by any single nation no matter how large. Successful Global planetary agreements have been reached, notably with the almost universal adoption of the Montreal protocol. This protocol tackle d the depleting ozone layer through the banning of CFCS. Despite this ban having obvious economic impacts on the pharmaceutical companies of the richest nations in the world, Each country would have been better off had it rejected the Montreal Protocol13, agreement was reached. This signals an instance where Globalisation of issue rather that economics proved a driving force within the political branch of Globalisation. There became a political consensus that for the greater good of each individual country, the economic aspect must be overlooked and collective decision reached. Thus in this case it is not economics that drove globalisation, rather contemporary threats to world security that enabled collective agreement and the formation of global policy, thus contributing to the concept of globalisation.Despite this example however the more recent Kyoto protocol has stuttered greatly in comparison largely due to the most developed states of the world namely the ground forces and Ch ina refusing to ratify more radical cuts in emissions of greenhouse gases, principally on economic grounds. except, it is arguable here that it is not the agreement or consensus of nations on a piece of legislation that represents globalisation, although this is useful it is not necessarily needed. The very fact that every nation of the world entered into dialogue because of the global issue of temper change is enough to strengthen the argument for a globalising world not driven by economic interests necessarily but also to tackle global issues.Cultural interconnectedness is also becoming an ever greater feature of globalisation. It may here be arguable that economics and free trade at long last dictating the way in which agriculture is becoming a less diverse concept through the watch and domination of multinational companies on prevalent life. However we shall see that cultural globalisation has and will continue to become a distinct phenomenon within globalisation itself.Th e homogenisation of culture whether damaging or enhancing is winning place. Global brands such as Coca-cola, McDonalds represent an inescapable global culture that it is impossible to evade or counteract. The extent to which global brands are decaying national culture is arguable, however there can be little doubt that one of the most directly perceived and experienced forms of globalisation is the cultural form14. This cultural globalisation is seen critically by some and positively by others as a largely American phenomenon. Increasingly American brands are penetrating everyday lives in the most distant parts of the world. This McWorld culture is not only synonymous to the fast food industry it represents, but to virtually all aspects of red-brick life.15This cultural linkage through global branding has been greater intensified through the communications revolution. This has allowed the time space aspect of the world communication to cut down considerably. Global satellite tele vision channels have allowed the same events to be portrayed simultaneously across the globe leading to a global identicalness being formed by which peoples around the world become synonymous, relaying the same information through various means of technology promoting links between individuals, communities and societies around the globe.Possibly the most notable example of this cultural aspect of globalisation is the development of language. Through the above mentioned Americanization of world culture native languages have suffered to get by on the world business stage. This has resulted in the extinction of many languages that have no longer proved beneficial in an ever Americanised world. Languages in the world have dropped from 14,500 in 1500 to less than 7,000 in 200016, this represents the market like competition of cultures as an added dimension to contemporary globalisation allowing the strong to flourish and the weak to perish, in the continued path to an ever more global homogenised culture.The interlinking and merging of cultures from around the world can be seen as a driving force behind and a constituent part of the phenomenon of globalisation. Cultural practices lay at the very heart of globalization17, although it may be argued that it is the economic activities of multinational companies drives the global culture we are experiencing today, there is no doubt that this economic aspect is inherently liked to the greater interconnectedness within ideals and values. Multinational companies may drive culture forward through the global dimension of business however, as citizens of the world become familiar with global brands, a much deeper atom of cultural globalisation is taking place thus, although linked to economics cultural synonymity is an undeniable part of the complex phenomenon of globalisation.Globalisation thus cannot be described as a purely economic phenomenon. We have seen that contained within globalisation are many different aspects that overlap to form what is understood as globalisation. The economic aspect of globalisation relies upon the political dimension of globalisation through the management of international monetary markets by global institutions such as the World Bank, but also relies upon the global consumerist demand created by a globalised culture. Globalisation is best seen as a spherical three dimensional fluid concept which contains cultural political and economic aspects, which are dependant rather than independent from one another. A globalised world would not describe the mere interlining of world markets without the same influence of cultural and political interconnectedness that individuals experienced today.

Effects of a Student Lifestyle on Health

Effects of a Student Lifestyle on HealthAn investigation into the effects of a disciple keepstyle on wellnessResults and paroleThe questionnaires were sent away to the educatee population in the manner described. A summarize of 240 were distri justed and we received back great hundred of these a 50% return rate. Of these 120 (n), 68 (56%) were from potent respondents and 52 (44%) were from females this approximately reflects the male / female ratio of savants at the University.We shall consider each question in turn.Questionnaire IAge. As could good be predicted, the vast major(ip)ity of respondents were from the 18-21 yr. get along with range 100 (83%) in total, with the remainder scattered over the range 22-32 yrs., again this roughly equates with the learner get along profile of the University campus.108 (90%) were full clock students with only 12 (10%) being part sentenceWe decided to make a preliminary breakdown into sports and non-sports related inclines. We m at that this was better for our purposes than specifying each individual course studied, as it lent itself to cle ber analysis. 24 (20%) were on sports related courses and 96 (80%) were non. It would be a workoutful breakdown of male / female in these two bases if you formulation at the nurture.In terms of hours studied, the results were rather surprising as 29 (24%) admitted to studying less than 6 hrs a week, the biggest cohort of 50 (41%) admitted to 6-10 hours a week and only one (a female) mat that she was studying more than 21 hours a week. The relevance of this is that, in the context of exercise and health, it would be difficult for some(prenominal) of these students to present a convincing argu workforcet that they did not exercise because they were committing too much time to their studies. They clearly had plenty of uncommitted non-study time on their hands. perhaps a bar chart would be appropriate here.Smoking. Given the data presented earlier our results wer e not totally in line with the guinea pig averages. Our cohort had 64 smokers (53%) of which 60% were men. If our cohort had followed the national patterns thence we would sop up expected 42% of men and 39% of women in this age range to be smokers. The reasons for this atomic number 18 not clear from our survey One possible explanation may be the unexpectedly in high spirits response to our question roughly taste levels ( weigh on)With see to the build of cig bettes smoked the range was surprisingly narrow with over 75% of smokers admitting to smoking 15 or less per day and only 2 admitted to smoking over 30 a dayThe length of time that each had smoked was less than four years in 75% of smokers. Although we do not have the data, we should perhaps not be surprised at that as we have already mentioned, the majority (83%) of our group were under the age of 22yrs. You powerfulness like to break down the ages of the smokers further to see if you piece of tail demonstrate that the majority started smoking when they got to university the courses should bear this out. This figure is quite signifi heapt when we comp atomic number 18 it against the number who profess to be concerned about their fitness (see on) as we have highlighted above that smoking is one of the greatest impediments to general good health.Drinking.112 (93%) of our respondents said that they did alcoholism alcohol with only 8 (6%) stating that they were teetotal.Of much greater interest was the amount that was drunk. Given that the current recommended weekly intake is 21 units for men and 14 units for women, 75 of our respondents admitted to drinking more than that (66% of drinkers) with the biggest groups 38 in total, drinking in the range of 26-35 units on a weekly basis. It has to be said that it was rather worrying that 15 of our respondents (13% of drinkers) admitted to regularly drinking over 41 units a week and 3 of those were women.7 a+b) When contrasted against the figures for drinking before coming to University, it can be seen that thither is a marked emergence in the quantity of alcohol consumed since the transition to the student lifetimestyle. There may of course be many factors at work here. Sudden relaxation of parental control, the availability of more money, and being older may all play a part. It is excessively possible that the entice of peer pressure is a significant factor here. It is probably in addition significant that only two of the group actually admitted to drinking more than 30 units a week before coming to university which certainly is in marked contrast to our findings.the enquiry into illicit do drugss brought out an kindle response. We had considered the possibility that students may not be willing to openly discuss their use of illicit substances and mainly it was for this reason that we elected to make the questionnaire anonymous. We received a definitive answer in alwaysy case and 42 of out cohort (35%) currently use d rugs of some sort while at university. This compares to a much lower figure of 20 (16%) who utilize drugs before arriving at university and the student lifestyle. From this evidence it would appear that the fact that someone comes to university is associated with a doubling of the incidence of recreational drug use. again we can only postulate about the reasons for this. In much the aforementioned(prenominal) way that there was a marked increase in the use of alcohol after the transition to university life, it is possible that the factors which we indicateed may have been responsible for this increase may also be the same factors that are relevant in the increase in drug use.8b) The breakdown of admitted drug use is interesting not only for its description of the actual drugs used only if also for the pattern of invoke dissemination that it reveals. There is clearly multi-drug usage as 42 respondents admitted to utilize drugs and there are 85 antithetical admissions of type . We do not have the figures to regularize us if the majority of drug use is single use with a comparatively few users ac tallying for the polypharmacy or whether most drug users are using multiple types of drugs. The majority of use is in the category of so-called recreational drugs 71 reports (88% of total drug use) and only 14 reports of cocaine use (12% of total drug use).It certainly is a clear trend that the drug use amongst men is greater than that amongst women. Of the admitted drug users (by type) 53 (62% of use) was by men and 27 (38%) was by women, this compares with the prevalence of men in our sample (56%) and women (44%).When these results are compared with the responses of drug use prior to arrival at university, it can be seen that the pattern of drug use is different. Cannabis and Ecstasy form the prevalence of drug use in this age group and the incidence of cocaine use is clearly much less. It would then appear that cocaine tends to be used by an older age group and this may or may not be an influence of life at university.It is not the function of this survey to pontificate on the unpatterned rights and wrongs of drug use. We are trying to define and delineate the effects of a student lifestyle on health and there is considerable evidence (see above) that drug use is certainly not conducive to health. maybe we should confine ourselves to the comment that there is certainly a public health issue here.10) The psychological aspects of the student life style also produced some unexpected surprises. With specific regard to fear there is an immediate problem seen in the results. In 10a) the students were asked if they felt varianted while at university. 72 (60%) responded yes only if when asked to grade the severity of their stress 109 (90%) indicated that they had undergo a course of stress. This may represent a difficulty in recognition. Some people may be able to relate to the experience of nonaged storys of stress and regard it as normal rather than feeling stressed which is a term that they may reserve for higher levels of actual perceived stress. We would have to regard this as a criticism of the actual wording of the question, in which 10a) might have been better phrased as have you ever felt any degree of stress while at university? when, presumably, the two figures would then have matched.It is certainly significant that the majority of the yes respondents were women. The majority of the studies done on the subject of stress (see above) show that women will report feeling stressed more frequently than their male counterparts. Many reasons and hypotheses have been advanced for this observation. It may well be that men are physiologically better equipped to deal with stress than women. There does not, however, appear to be any evidence to back up this point. It has been shown that men are less likely to seek help for psychological (and indeed physical) symptoms than women quite often to their own detrimen t.Any sociologist will tell you that in our current accessible climate the gender roles of the two sexes are programmed differently during rearing. Boys are expected and encouraged to be stoical and brave, hiding their emotions whereas it is generally considered far more welcome for girls to exhibit emotional liability. It is therefore not unexpected to find that at the highest end of the reported stress range. The proportion of women is greater than men. Equally the confabulation is also true that men are over represented at the lower-stress and no-stress levels.The pre-university results are not as diverse as they appear to be in some other areas of enquiry. This should not altogether surprise us as we have to bear in mind the fact that all of the students who have made the transition from groom to university will, almost without exception, have been through the A-level system, which is an inherently stressful experience. It is interesting to note that the sex differences are almost identical in this group when compared to the university group. Again this reflects the findings of other, more general, studies on the subject.12) With regard to the comments made about the discrepancy of the figures in the questions about anxiety (11a and 11b) we can see that there is exactly the same disagreement in the questions about depression (12a) and 12b). When asked the direct question about whether they had felt depressed while at university 98 (81%) said no, but when asked to grade their degree of depression only 34 (28%) indicated that they had not felt depressed to any degree. This apparent discrepancy can presumably be analysed along the same lines as our suggestions with regard to anxiety. This is given further credence by the observation that in the group who admitted to experiencing depression, women were represented at nearly double the relative frequency of the men. When we look at the group admitting to severe depression the proportion rises to over three times the relative frequency.When compared to the responses that were reported before coming to university we can see however, that this time (compared to the anxiety situation) there is a marked difference as genuinely many fewer respondents admitted to feelings of depression in their pre-university life. We do know that levels of depression image a peak in the early twenties ( most markedly in men) and therefore we would expect to find lower levels in younger age groups. We also have other environmental factors in play as the majority of pre-university or school age pupils, will normally be nutriment in the comparative security of a family lifestyle with all its attendant support networks hopefully in place. At university however, the situation is generally quite different with young people thrust into a different, and possibly alien environment, with no pre-existing support networks to fall back on for advice. This is clearly a racy breeding ground for re brisk depression an d also endogenous depression if there is a predisposition for it.14) This section is even more subjective than the anterior two as it deals with the question of self confidence ( you might like to see if your results show a correlation between the people doing sports related courses and high self-confidence rating because the chances are that there will be see on) the self-assessed results in this section show a handsomely predictable Gaussian distribution curve with the highest concentration in the middle ranges of self confidence and a slight preponderance towards the above average assessment.One always has to approach self-assessments with a fair degree of scepticism but one could reasonably expect a higher than average number of self-confident people at university as they clearly would have to have a fair degree of self-confidence to take the necessary exams and to put themselves forward in the first place.One interesting point in the analysis is shown by the fact that there is an increased correlation in a high self confidence rating and the friendship in a sports-related course. We can only conjecture why this might be but, in order to excel in sports it is usually totally counter-productive to be shy and retiring, so perhaps we could postulate a preponderance of certain personality types in a sports-related field.15) there is very little difference in the ratings of self-confidence before and after coming to university. If anything, there is a slight increase in the perceived ratings. This may well correlate with the feelings of freedom and the demand to be responsible for ones own actions at university. The increase in the ratings may simply reflect the confidence that comes with experience of the independence of the student lifestyle which most of our respondents clearly have had.16) When designing the questionnaire we considered the problems that may arise with questions of a personal or inner nature. We are therefore very heartened by the fa ct that the vast majority of respondents found that they could give us answers in this section with 115 (95%) responding positively. Sadly, the results do tend to bolster the tabloid editors act of promiscuity which we referred to in the section on sexually transmitted diseases of our respondents, only 4 (3%) admitted to being a virgin (or celibate). The biggest group 25 (21%) had only one provide since being at university, but it was something of a surprise to see that the next biggest group of 20 (17%) had five partners since arriving at university.10 of our sample (12%) admitted to having 10 or more partners while being at university. We do not presume to make any moral judgements on this set of results but it would be fair to say that to have 10 or more different sexual partners inside a three year spell at university (and some may have had ten partners in less than that time) does put the respondents in a high risk group for sexual health problems (see refinements)With the single exception of the terminal degrees of promiscuity (Groups admitting to one or no partners at all), men outnumbered women in all the groups. It is hard to fully explain this anomaly. A logical evaluation would suggest that there are three possibilities, either it is an unexpected statistical quirk, it reflects the fact that normal sexual activity is carried out by most men but a few very promiscuous women or that there is an unexpectedly high amount of male homosexual activity going on within the university. The author could not possibly comment on which eventuality is the most likely.17) When compared to the figures obtained for sexual activity before coming to university we can see that there is a marked difference. The degree of promiscuity is much lower pre-university. This may well be a reflection of the age and circumstance of the pre-university respondents, quite apart from the independence factor that becomes more apparent after arriving at university. We can also see that the number of celibates pre-university is also much higher. This again, is probably a reflection of the perception of independence found at university.18) In continuation of the issues discussed in section 16, the issues of sexual health are tackled here. The question is purposely blunt Have you ever had a sexually transmitted disease? In our sample 6 (5% of sexually wide awake respondents) had admitted to having one. This may very well not be accurate, as any experienced health professional will tell you that there are a lot a sexually transmitted diseases that are asymptomatic or may clear up spontaneously.Male monillia is often both trivial and self-curing and may only show as a transient splotched rash of 24-36 hours duration. Male and female chlamydia may be completely asymptomatic in both sexes and the sufferers may truthfully respond that they do not call up that they have a sexually transmitted disease. The fact of the matter is that both monilliasis in the female a nd Chlamydia in both sexes, can have serious repercussions with regard to fertility in the future. As we have flagged up in our earlier discussions, high levels of promiscuity are a potential problem for the overall sexual health of the student body.Questionnaire IIBMI was worked out from the statistics of height and weight supplied by each respondent.The first consequence of note is that there is a predictable Gaussian curve for both male and female distributions of BMI with the mean for males (predictably) coming to the right of the female peak ( a graph showing the two distributions would be assistive here) although the male curve actually has two maxima, this is almost certainly a statistical quirk due to the relatively small number of the sample. There are only three respondents that fall into the clinically obese range (25 and over) and only two both female who would be considered clinically underweight with a BMI of 15 (WHO definitions). This distribution is approximately the distribution that one would expect from the population as a whole in this age range.The first question asks respondents to rate their degree of physical activity. This set of answers should be analysed in conjunction with the responses to questions 3a-6 and the knowledge that 24 (20%) are on sports related courses and we would therefore expect them to be physically active in the pursuance of their course in any event.As we can see 32 (26%) take less exercise than the Government recommended target of 30 mins. five times a week and a further 49 (40%) just straddling the target level.If we arbitrarily equate very physically active with doing in excess of 80 minutes of exercise a day, fairly physically active with doing more than 40 mins a day, together with not very physically active doing more than 20 minutes a day then we can see a marked discrepancy straight away.Those who professed to be very physically active were 22 (18%) but this compares with 13 (10%) who actually do more than 80 mins. exercise a day.In the fairly physically active group there were 58 respondents (48%) but this corresponds to 39 (32%) who actually take more than 40 minutes of exercise a day.For those 25 (20%) who profess to be not very physically active they correlate with 49 (40%) who straddle the Government guidelines by taking between 21-40 minutes exercise a day.The group with the lowest professed activity 15 (12%) correlate with the 32 (26%) who do virtually no physical activity at all.Immediately one can see that there is a discrepancy here. Those who feel that they take a lot of activity tend to overestimate the amount of exercise that they actually do, equally there are a second group who, say that they are not very active when the figures suggest that the actually- dormant group is much bigger than the professed-inactive group.Professed Actual activity (n) Activity (n)Very active 22 13Fairly active 58 39Not very active 25 49 quiet 15 32All in all it would appear that the re spondents have an ability to feel that they are actually doing more exercise than they actually are doing. Equally you could argue that we are making the criteria too strict and that we are being over-ambitious in our expectations of what amount of exercise people of this age should be doing. Perhaps the best independent arbiter should be the Governments own documents and consultation papers quoted elsewhere in this piece (Game Plan and At least five a week). It can be seen that approximately 50% of our respondents do not meet these criteria.3b 4a 4b You have given me no information here and I have no real idea of what the results might actually show. I would suggest that you base your analysis along the lines of my previous answer (which may have to be modified in the light of whatever your figures show)2a+b) The weight of our respondents seems to have remained remarkably steady with 103 (85%) remaining effectively un qualifyingd. We note that in the case of the 17 (14%) where the weight has changed we did not ask them to specify whether this was up or down. If this is analysed in conjunction with 2b) where 2 respondents indicated that this was an intentional change and 15 said that it was unintentional, the normal inference would be that people who have elected to change their weight intentionally might normally have been expected to loose weight however, in this position cohort with a strong sporting interest, it is possible that this group may have been trying to put weight on. And equally the converse may also be true, we do not have enough information to make this judgement.5) when asked if they thought that they got enough exercise to keep them sun-loving 62 (51%) of our respondents thought that they did. interestingly 10 (12%) didnt know. This is presumably a reflection of public education issues although you could take the opposing view that the message has got through to the other 88% who felt that they did know.88 (73%) of our respondents felt tha t they wanted to increase the amount of exercise that they did. We are not in a position to say whether these are the ones who felt that they did not do enough exercise to start with or whether they are the ones who already exercise and feel that they need to do more. Presumably, for those on a sports related course there is always the incentive to try to make yourself even fitter.44(36%) of our sample visited the gym on a regular basis. We can reasonably assume that at least 24 of these will be on the sports related courses as one can assume that they would be visiting the gym regularly as part of their course so at least another 20 were actively trying to get fitter. We can see that there is a preponderance of males in this group (33m to 12f).With regard to this question you might like to see if the 32 negative respondents correlate highly with the active or non active groups. You could then draw appropriate conclusions here. For example if they were the predominantly the active g roup then you might answer that they didnt feel the need for sedentary activities or conversely, if they were the inactive group it may be that their sedentary activities precluded them from activity.11-14 The diet related questions are perhaps better considered as one entity. The most interesting comparisons come from the pre-university and at university comparisons as one can see that there is a marked change in the eating activity of our respondents It is something of a surprise that 81 (67%) of our respondents used a fast-food outlet less than twice a week. The general perception of the student lifestyle is frequent use of such facilities. This clearly is not borne out by our survey.A worryingly large number of students eat less than the recommended amount of fruit and vegetables with 83 (69%) and 86 (71%) respectively taking less than the WHO recommended minimum. This contrasts dramatically with the results in the pre-university question where it can be seen that the amount of fruit and vegetables eaten (presumably primarily under parental influence) is much higher. In terms of health, this is an authoritative finding as fruit and vegetables are a major source of roughage, vitamins and anti-oxidants (and of course many other essential nutrients) that are essential for health in general. A diminution in intake therefore jeopardises the overall healthy diet.13. It is an interesting comment that 36 (30%) of our respondents said that they were concerned about their diet. One would have thought that with the independence of student life, if they were concerned that they now actually had the means to do something about it. Clearly this is a sweeping statement that does not take into account a mass of other obvious factors such as the finances involved in buying comparatively expensive items such as fruit.Conclusions There are many conclusions that one can draw from the figures presented above. Top of our list should be a consideration of the shortcomings of t he survey which obviously will have a position on the conclusions that we feel able to draw from our figures. It is acknowledged that the survey is comparatively small. Although we can hope that it may be representative of the student body, it small coat precludes rigorous statistical analysis. It is certainly possible to detect trends within our survey and many of these have been commented upon as we have looked at the figures.The mechanism of using the same sample of students as their own controls by asking their activity before coming to university, is a useful tool to gain a degree of statistical validity, and certainly has helped us to answer the original question of the effects of a student lifestyle on health.To specifically answer that question, we can point to a number of areas where there appears to have been marked changes in behaviour patterns pre- and post-university. Smoking, drinking, diet and sexual behaviour have all changed dramatically and to a lesser extent, dr ug taking patterns and depression levels have also changed. To some extent, a cynic might observe that this equates with the worst aspects of the typical tabloid editors portrayal of the typical student.The reality is, of course, far more complex than that We have already alluded to the major sociological changes that occur when the typical student leaves school and arrives at university. The release from the comparatively structured and dependent world of home life and school into the comparatively independent and less structured world of the university allows a emergent explosion of freedom in many cases where new experiences and activities can be tried, exploited and (perhaps) enjoyed.Can we draw any conclusions as to whether the typical university student is more or less healthy than their pre-university counterpart? Clearly we have delineated some important pointers to this question. In terms of diet (perhaps one of the most important long-term factors in deciding the criteria of health) there is little doubt that our typical student has a worse diet at university than they did before coming to university. We can clearly see the reduction in fruit and vegetable intake although it is gratifying to see that the expected transition to fast-food existence is not a major factor in most cases.The amount of exercise appears to have increased, although we have to accept that a disproportionate number in our sample have a sporting interest, so clearly that will skew the figures to a degree. As we have discussed earlier, there is a basic amount of exercise that has been shown to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease, myocardial infarction and stroke, obesity and Type II diabetes. Our typical student just qualifies for the basic minimum target set by the Government, but the range is great. As we have seen, exercise varies from virtually minimal to enormous amounts on a regular basis. We can probably just about conclude that university has a positive effect on health as far as exercise levels are concerned.Drug taking is another area where the student lifestyle has a bearing on health. Less than a third of our respondents have used illicit drugs, so they clearly are not the majority, but this group nonetheless represents a significant group within the whole.It is a matter of intense current debate as to the effect that drugs have on the actual health of a person and therefore we cannot presume to take a firm view when there is still such controversy raging. We can say that there is probably a general consensus that there is evidence that some illicit drugs do appear to have long term implications for health and on that basis, we can point to a negative effect of the student lifestyle on health.An area that we can point to that has far more exculpated implications for health is the explosion of sexual activity that appears to equate with the student lifestyle. We have already passed comment on the degree of promiscuity that our survey has revealed. Celibacy or monogamy is clearly the best way of avoiding the risks of sexually transmitted diseases. We have commented on the number of respondents who have already known that they have had a sexually transmitted disease, but perhaps our concern should be for those who have contracted asymptomatic disease and are therefore, unknowingly passing it on to other contacts. Again, this is an apparent negative effect of the student lifestyle on health.RecommendationsIt is difficult to know how to structure this section as, on the one hand, we have clearly identified areas where the student lifestyle could be changed to improve the overall health of the individual, but a much deeper and possibly more significant question remains should we seek to change it?There are many significant arguments here. One is the basic freedom of choice argument. Some may say that it is appropriate to give people information on matters such as health but it is ultimately up to them as to whether they actually take or implement that advice.Equally there is the converse argument that points to the drain on the public purse of avoidable ill-health. Do people have a duty to society to keep themselves as healthy as they practically can? Should they avoid obvious factors that will cause ill-health in later life? If we follow this argument through to its logical conclusion then we would insist that everybody had a uniform healthy diet, did not smoke or drink to excess, took daily exercise and remained monogamous for their lifetime.A more equilibrize approach may be to conclude that, in general terms, people learn by their mistakes. Is has been said that the student lifestyle is not only about getting and education it is about getting an Education. Most students will utilise their time at university to explore and perhaps formulate their ideas and personal guidelines for their future life. Perhaps we should take a pragmatic view and observe that, although we have been able to poi nt out some short term negative aspects of the student life style on health, perhaps it is a necessary phase of experimentation which is part of the evolution to a healthier lifestyle as an adult.PDG 25.3.05Word count 5,572

A Review Of The Book Genghis Khan History Essay

A Review Of The Book Genghis caravansary History EssayIn the book Genghis caravansary and the do of the modern world goof Weatherford tells the story of Genghis Khan and the Mongol Empire and how it became to be the beginnings of the modern world. Genghis Khan was the most powerful and influential drawing card during the 13th century. In proficient about thirty years Genghis Khan and the Mongol the States conquered more land ever conquered in world history. Genghis Khan was a leader of strength and ideas he created fear all throughout Eurasia. Despite the fear he put on Eurasia, Genghis Khan united umpteen unalike cultures and races. Genghis Khan made galore(postnominal) cosmoss during his thirty years ruling the Mongol empire such as making warfare more revolutionized, expanded routes of trade, they invented something that was called the depression press with movable vitrine, and he put laws against torture and gave the nation a freedom to religion. Many more asylums we re made during Genghis khan and his grandsons rule that made the root word for the modern world.Not all leaders are born leaders. Genghis Khan as a little boy was not a likely soul for being such a powerful and leader of the Mongol empire. He was just like any ordinary hunter and gatherer on the steppe. Genghis Khan although ordinary he did face many terrors during his childhood. He was kidnapped and forced to be a slave for killing his first victim Begter by a folk music called the Tayichud.(26) This was the beginning to the start of his determination to get revenge on every tribe that gave terror to him in his childhood. His main goal was to conquer and to destroy the spicy feudal systems that were loss on while he was trying to rule the biggest empire of all epoch. The beginnings of his campaigns were really just raids to get supplies and to do so he needed a tactic to get fear running through the territory was going to conquer. Genghis Khan well not yet the ruler created tactic such as frightening the other side by upsetting the enemys spirit banners. (47) That was the start of many tactics and innovations in warfare. He had produced a rude(a) type of steppe army based on greater variety of tactics, they were no longer an attacking swarm of individuals they were now a united formation (62) He organized his army into groups and they should fight together as brothers, (52) like in any family of brothers in which the eldest had total control, the eldest man took the leadership purview in the Mongol arban, but the men could also decide to choose another to hold this position (52) by this being allowed in the Mongol army it went against the belief that eldest men are always in control so it was a sense of a political kind of democracy.Warfare, although important in creating the Mongol empire, wasnt the only thing that marked the start of the Mongol empire and foundation to the modern world. With his organized warfare Genghis Khan united all people afte r he conquered a tribe or territory. He brought people from different places of the steppe and united them no matter what race or religion they were. By doing this He had abolished the distinction between black and white bones, all his followers were now one united people. (53) Before Genghis Khans rule there was always a sense of kinship and tradition by uniting every person he conquered there was a greater sense of friends and community. He had shown that rather than relying on the bonds of kinship and tradition, members of his tribe could now look to Temujin for direct support he greatly centralized the power of his rule while at the same time strengthening the commitment of his followers.(51) He was a leader not a king that controlled every aspect of peoples lives. People of the tribe are comfortable with the sharp that they are always protected by Genghis Khan. That is something that the modern world is known for. People are safe in their homes knowing that they have a leader but they can live their own lives too.Although warfare and uniting the people of different cultures and religions were big steps toward making the modern world, Genghis Khan made many laws. These laws are seen in our constitution today or just common sense to the people of the modern world. Some of these laws that Genghis Khan made were that he forbade the grab of women,(68) he forbade the taking and enslavement of any Mongol(68), he forbade the selling of women into marriage(68), like we see today, theft was made a criminal offense(69), he also forbade the pursuit of animals between certain months because their breeding time(69), and he made the law that every person from his family must be elected by a khuriltai(69) which is the people or jury. Torture was something him and his army didnt do to the people he conquered and he defined that to be a just Mongol, one had to live in a just community. (70) These laws reflect the laws we have now in the modern world. There were many law s to enforce so Genghis Khan needed some kind of supreme assay to punish the thieves and criminals. (71) These laws and how he managed the people through a large body of land has shown that Genghis Khan was a great leader and wanted the best for his people. fashioning of the new world was based on many aspects including freedom of religion. Nowhere else in the world did anyone have that kind of freedom of religion as in Genghis Khans empire. When he conquered a tribe or territory he took people from different religion backgrounds into his tribe and he neer forced one type of religion on them. This step in his empire made the rest of the world have religious freedom. Genghis Khan did many things that the rest of the world neer knew they can do. Trade and free commerce were the steps towards making the modern world.(234) He expanded trade from Asia to the Middle East and he destroyed cities that were not necessary.(105) On the spot of the cities he would make routes of trade. He ma de the selling and buying of goods easier for the people. (119) With trade being so easy because of Genghis Khans renovation of trade routes diplomatical immunity had come about which was a policy held between government which made sure that diplomats can pass freely and safely to the next rural area or territory.Although trade was important for the Mongol Empire to flourish and made the foundation for the modern world there were things that come with trade such as paper coin, printing, and the compass. The compass was the Mongols invention but with this invention it stayed a good tool for hunters and the modern world today. Printing with movable type was another innovation of the Mongols and Genghis Khans grandson. The invention of printing quickly escalated to the making of paper money. The invention of paper money was a big aspect of the making the modern world. Paper money made trade easier and lighter. Before paper money people would trade one thing for another to get what th ey wanted or needed. Now in the modern world people use money every day and do not understand where it was first recognized by the Mongols.The Mongols conquered many territories. When the Mongol empire was at its powerful place it went from the Korean peninsula in the east and it was on most of china and Russia territory including Vietnam and Cambodia in the south but it never hit Europe. All these territories were ruled by Genghis Khan but even before Genghis khan was the great leader of the Mongol empire there were many other nomadic tribes trying to conquer and influence their neighbors also. In the China during the time of the Shang and Zhou dynasties circa 1800 500 BC nomads from the north brought influences with them such as chariot ware fare, but they were not conquered buy them. The Mongols conquered almost everywhere they stepped foot on but although Europe was not conquered by the Mongols but they got many influences from them. Jack weatherford states that Although never ruled by the Mongols, in many ways Europe gained the most from their world system (234) The Europeans received all the benefits of trade, technology transfers, and the global awakening without paying the cost of Mongol conquest.(234) Some other nomads that tried to conquer and change the world were the Aryans in India circa 1500-1000BC. They invaded northwest India and brought in a new language, Sanskrit, cows and horses. Like the Mongols Aryans made big innovations in India when they invaded. Also similar to the Mongols they added to diversity. Although the Aryans conquered Northwest India they forced a new language on them unlike the Mongols who instead they intentional from their conquests and the people they took in to their empire. Another nomadic group that tried to conquer was the Vikings which were smart enough to use ships to transport their people and goods which are much cheaper than going by foot. The Mongols also after a while of conquering on horses or by foot they r ealized that ships and having a transportation system was emend and much more efficient.The Mongols like any other army were linked with murder and terror. Jack Weatherford although tells the story of the Mongols as an army, he also tells the story of how Genghis Khan did everything in his power not to kill people that were able to give up and go to his side. Genghis khan gave people a chance but if they betrayed him in any way he would do something worse to them. Genghis Khan conquered many cities and territories but he took the people with him and did not torture or kill them. He united people of all different races and religions so he could develop empires which lead to modernization of the modern world. He had to kill the aristocratic powers to be a powerful ruler. Genghis Khan was a very fierce leader who conquered everywhere he went so he could be one more step toward innovation and modernization.

Whitmans O Captain! My Captain! And Dickinsons Hope is a Thing with F

Whitmans O chieftain My chieftain And Dickinsons swear is a Thing with Feathers America experienced profound changes during the mid 1800s. New technologies and ideas helped the res publica grow, while the Civil War ripped the area apart. During this tumultuous period, two great American writers captured their ideas in poetry. Their poems give us insight into the time period, as good as universal insight about life. Although polar opposites in personality, Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman created similar poetry. Dickinsons consent is a Thing with Feathers and Whitmans O Captain My Captain share many qualities. intrust is a Thing with Feathers and O Captain My Captain contain a similar scansion. Both have a preponderantly iambic meter. The unaccented beat followed by the accented beat creates a rising meter. Each poem also contains notable exceptions to the iambic meter. In Hope is a Thing with Feathers, the first line Hope is the thing contains a trochee followed by an iamb. O Captain My Captain contains even more exceptions to the iambic meter. pedigree 5, But O heart heart heart consists of an imperfect root followed by two spondees, or feet with two equally accented syllables. Both field 6 O the bleeding drops of red and line 8 Fallen cold and dead have trochaic meters with an imperfect root at the end. The last of the poem has an iambic meter until the last two lines Walk the deck my Captain lies, /Fallen cold and dead. The iambic meter... Whitmans O Captain My Captain And Dickinsons Hope is a Thing with FWhitmans O Captain My Captain And Dickinsons Hope is a Thing with Feathers America experienced profound changes during the mid 1800s. New technologies and ideas helped the nation grow, while the Civil War ripped the nation apart. During this tumultuous period, two great American writers captured their ideas in poetry. Their poems give us insight into the time period, as strong as universal insight about life. Although polar opposit es in personality, Emily Dickinson and Walt Whitman created similar poetry. Dickinsons Hope is a Thing with Feathers and Whitmans O Captain My Captain share many qualities.Hope is a Thing with Feathers and O Captain My Captain contain a similar scansion. Both have a preponderantly iambic meter. The unaccented beat followed by the accented beat creates a rising meter. Each poem also contains notable exceptions to the iambic meter. In Hope is a Thing with Feathers, the first line Hope is the thing contains a trochee followed by an iamb. O Captain My Captain contains even more exceptions to the iambic meter. task 5, But O heart heart heart consists of an imperfect root followed by two spondees, or feet with two equally accented syllables. Both tie 6 O the bleeding drops of red and line 8 Fallen cold and dead have trochaic meters with an imperfect root at the end. The counterbalance of the poem has an iambic meter until the last two lines Walk the deck my Captain lies, /Fallen cold a nd dead. The iambic meter...

Snap on Tools Intranet Case Study :: GCSE Business Marketing Coursework

Case Study Snap on Tools IntranetSnap-On is one of many companies that pee-pee embraced the Internet as a tool for management. Snap-On runs its own intranet for the exclusive handling of Snap-On franchises and dealers. (Senn, 1998)Snap-Ons intranet provides reams of valuable information that would be inconvenient to deliver any other way. The speed of change in todays market has hale printed material into partial obsolescence. Before Snap-On developed its own intranet, merchandise catalogs and part listings would return to be in printed, bound matter. Anyone who has been to an auto parts store screw vouch that each of those catalogs is huge, to say the least. A franchisee would have to carry several catalogs in his vehicle for reference purposes. These catalogs occupied space in the truck that could have been used for inventory, and searching through them would eat into valuable time. Additionally, Snap-On would have to reissue the catalogs or send appendices when there w as a change in any of the information. With an intranet, Snap-On besides changes the information on their websites, and the new information is there when the franchisees access it. This means no more expensive mailing of heavy catalogs and no more skeletal time spent flipping through the pages of a book, trying to find the entry he wants, only to find out after fifteen agonizing minutes that the page he needs has been ripped out. (Senn, 1998)Were I a Snap-On franchisee, I would be enthused about the use of a company intranet for the delivery of sales- and product-related information. Timely information is snappy to survival in business today. Snap-Ons intranet allows for speedy updates of information. This means I would not have to wait the six to eight weeks for an updated merchandise list, nor would I have to pay exorbitant sums to get the package express-mailed to me. All my questions could be answered almost immediately via research on the different pages, or through e mail. (Senn, 1998)Snap-On was motivated by the many benefits of the Internet to use the intranet as a tool in developing a communications link to each dealer. Franchisees in far-flung places could substantially be contacted and organized. Orders and inventories can be monitored from one location, decreasing the number of personnel and middle management. This flatter organizational structure provides for clearer communication between the field and right personnel.