Essay about Finicial Effect

Essay about Finicial Effect Essay about Finicial Effect Cause/Effect Topic: Financial Crisis As the recovery from the financial crisis seems fragile; now, with sequestration taking effect will this drive the national debt higher or will this force our government to play nice and get this country back on its feet. As the recovery from the financial crisis seems fragile, now with sequestration taking effect will this drive the national debt higher or will this force our government to take steps to get this country back on its feet. With mandatory budgets cuts going into effect on March 1, a vast range of government services and millions of people, are going to feel these effects. The Defense Dept. faces up to 46 billion dollar loss in funding, which could open this country up to terriost attacks. Naval ships maybe delayed on their deployments which could result in less attack forces patrolling the waterways. Our troops will not lose any of their pay furthermore up to 800,000 military civilian employees could be laid off in April. Servicemen and women who have lost their lives during combat could see burial delays at Arlington National Cemetery. With the looming budget cuts, 9 percent of unemployed workers collecting unemployment benefits will not receive them. More than 100,000 formerly homeless people would lose their current housing. About 125,000 low income families would be at risk of losing their housing due to cuts in rental assistance. 373,000 seriously mental ill people would lose care with these cuts. Less food would be tested by the FDA. Thousands of people who need HIV medication would not receive this medication under the current budgets cuts, over 400,000 HIV test would be on the chopping block as well. These cuts will also have major impacts on state funding from Public Health, Law Enforcement grants, Child care reduction. National Parks will see several campgrounds and picnic areas closed, which could result in over 300,000 visitor reduction and loss of revenue for those states. Several states have already made cuts to sustain and keep programs in place; with these looming cuts states are going

Case Study Ziba Design Essay Example

Case Study Ziba Design Essay Example Case Study Ziba Design Essay Case Study Ziba Design Essay It may all come down to Gibbs unique approach to new product development, an intricate process that is entered on understanding consumers in a deep and profound way. New products dont start in the RD lab, before any product development or design work even begins theres a tremendous amount of deep consumer research. People are in search of meaning these days. We have enough stuff to choose from, we have enough companies that give us whatever we desire or what we want. It is now what does it mean to me, its got to be meaningful, and to be meaningful you have to understand your consumer. Discuss what Occurs before Saba Develops a Design or Advertising Program So how do Slabs teams begin to understand customers Through extensive research that In turn Is formulated Into customer Insights. Its a process of uncovering Information Like an archeologist. What makes a product great Great Products dont ask their customer what they should be, great products say this Is what they are. They basically anticipate customer needs, they dont wait for the customer to tell them what they should be and that they delight customers in new and interesting ways. It May all come down to Gibbs unique approach to new reduce development. An intricate process that is centered around understanding consumers in a deep and profound way. When Saba takes on a new client they start the process by asking if they know there customer, a simple question that many cant answer, do they know what motivates them, drives them. Do they know their strategic customer Then they ask, what do you stand for What are your values How are your values manifested in the messages you send out And they are firm about any design being In line with the brand, In really speaking to that targeted customer. Ask a question what subject Is here, what are we trying to do here, what Is the best thing to do here and what is right for the customer, what is right with the brand that makes you understand really well how to put it together. They dont try to create something different that is not going to get you anywhere. They are going to create something meaningful that the consumer authenticates with the brand. Saba Effectively contributes to Brand Recognition for Product Promotions in the Marketplace The definition of Brand Recognition is the extent to which the general public (or an organizations target market) is able to identify a brand by its attributes. Brand recognition is most successful when people can state a brand without being explicitly exposed to the companys name, but rather through visual signifier like logos, slogans and colors. (Investigated) Calla does more than designs products, their efforts contribute to brand recognition. One of Its most recent challenges Involved creating an Integrated experience for consumers for Portland south water front, a thriving urban neighborhood that didnt yet exists. They had to help people

New Public Management (NPM) as a framework for the comparative Article

New Public Management (NPM) as a framework for the comparative analysis of public administration - Article Example Having said this the study will now move on to summarise Pollitt (2001). Pollitt (2001) begins by stating that the thesis that there is an inevitable and global convergence towards a particular, new style of public management. He notes that despite the evolving literature in support of diversity, some politicians, academics and civil servants continue to preach convergence. He suggests that to better understand this controversial issue, it is necessary to tackle the problem from different perspectives. He states a series of angles that can be compared to see if there is convergence. They include debate, reform decisions, actual practice or results. Pollitt (2001) begins his introduction by reviewing some literature on the convergence towards the "New Public Management"/"Reinventing government" styles of public management reform. According to Pollitt (2001) most of the studies are in favour of divergence and not convergence. These studies include (Flynn and Strehl, 1996; Kickert 1997; Olsen and Peters, 1996; Pollitt and Bouckaert, 2000; Pollitt and Summa 1997; Premfors 1998; Wollman, 1997). This implies that the Orsbone and Gaebler thesis that global pressures are producing an inevitable and inexorable global convergence on what they term "entrepreneurial government" is now being open to criticisms by many academicians. Pollitt (2001) however, also identifies studies that continue to be in favour of this thesis. They include (Halligan, 1996; Kettl, 2000). The main aim of Pollitt (2001) was to develop a concept of convergence that will enable us understand why many commentators continue to invoke convergence in spite of the evidence in support of divergence. Pollitt (2001) asserts that the strategy should be to consider whether the very idea of convergence has value of its own. Pollitt (2001) relates the convergence myth of public administration to the creation myth in art and religion, which has served so many purposes irrespective of whether it is true or false. He identifies four main steps to the argument as follows: The convergence process can be divorced from ideas of global and functional imperatives by summarizing the still developing critique which has been articulated by comparativist scholars. The notion of institutional isomorphism can be used to see that convergence, in the sense of replication of rhetoric forms and practices across the world, may have more to do with government fashions, symbolism and the propagation of norms than with the grim dictates of the global economy or the functional necessity for increased government efficiency. The third adopted by Pollitt involves the acknowledgement that words and concepts can develop lives of their own. According to Pollitt (2001) in the fourth and final step, an analysis of who benefits from a situation of where convergence is more a matter of talk, symbolism and pronouncement that of the day-to-day practices. Pollitt (2001) then goes on to discuss two disclaimers namely that the line of argument advanced his work is not intended to seem Macchiavellien. The second disclaimer is that a partial rehabilitation of the idea of convergence is not in any way to deny the diversity of national regimes and

Factors affecting quality of MRI image.Benefits of circular or square Essay

Factors affecting quality of MRI image.Benefits of circular or square spiral EPI methods - Essay Example For example, if a spin is exposed to a magnetic field different from the expected value due to magnetic susceptibility, geometric distortions will be seen from the MRI image (Reinsberg, Doran, Charles-Edwards, and Leach, 2005). In particular, an increased spin produces MRI signals of low intensity, while high magnetic susceptibility areas are seen as areas of total signal loss (Zhou and Gullapalli, 2006). Figure 1 shows an example of metallic susceptibility distortions in the presence of metallic implants. Magnetic susceptibility In magnetic resonance imaging, tissues are temporarily magnetized by the large magnetic field that the imaged subject is exposed to, with the extent of magnetization varying among tissues that differ in magnetic susceptibility. For example, relative to other tissues, air and bone are less susceptible to magnetization. On the other hand, metallic implants have high magnetic susceptibility as compared to the body tissues. These differences in magnetic suscepti bility cause field inhomogeneity, especially in tissue boundaries, particularly air-tissue and bone-soft tissue boundaries (Zhou and Gullapalli, 2006). That is why magnetic susceptibility distortions are sometimes seen in such boundaries, like the sinuses (Reinsberg, Doran, Charles-Edwards, and Leach, 2005). 1. Discuss various methods to correct for magnetic susceptibility distortions, while maintaining a good EPI image. ... a.) Parameters that can optimize EPI image ESP can be decreased through the use of powerful gradients, such as increased gradient slew rate (~20, 000 T/m/s), increased maximum amplitude (350 mT/m), increased rise time rate, increased accuracy, decreased eddy currents, increased voltage, and decreased field strength. In addition, these parameters decrease signal-to-noise ratio. Meanwhile, a decreased ESP results to a smaller total train length time. In fact, it has been estimated that decreasing ESP to 40 ms limits the distortion to only one pixel wide. Similarly, increased data gathering via decreased frequency- and phase encoding steps and ramp sampling, fast analogue to digital converters and large receiver bandwidth decrease the time in which phase errors can accumulate (McMahon, 2012). On the other hand, phase and read directions can be swapped, so that the phase encoding gradient is along the same axis as susceptibility gradients. Although this may not totally prevent distortion , it shows the image in a more presentable and understandable manner (McMahon, 2012; Zhou and Gullapalli, 2006). Figure 2 shows the decrease in magnetic susceptibility upon converting from left-right phase encoding to anterior-posterior phase encoding. Other ways to minimize magnetic susceptibility distortions include decreasing the resolution, use of SE sequence, increased acquisition matrix and proper shimming before image acquisition. It should be noted, however, that heating of nearby tissues can occur when using fast SE acquisition with a high bandwidth to decrease magnetic susceptibility distortions resulting from metallic implants (Zhou and Gullapalli, 2006). b) Chain of consequences after increasing the receiver bandwidth Receiver bandwidth is a

Business Modeling Essay Example for Free

Business Modeling Essay Ted Ralley is working on conducting a forecast for the upcoming year for an automobile part company. The data that will be used for this research has been collected from the quarterly sales from the previous four years. Ted wants to determine what is most accurate way to determine the forecast for 2008. The model should also help determined if the economic situation and oil prices are affecting significantly the sales of the company. The two models that were provided were thoroughly analyzed to determine which model was the most appropriate to utilize. These models were a regression model with factors, seasons and an additive Holt-Winters model. The forecasts also show that there is a significant change in the sales with the economic hardship and oil prices. It was concluded that the Regression with Econometric Variables would be the best method to use to forecast the sales for 2008, estimating a 255,927,955 for that year. Background With the economy continuously deteriorating everyone seems to be getting hurt financially, even the automotive industry, which has deepening the economic recession. Automotive part suppliers continued to experience heavy debt and overcapacity caused by production cuts by automakers, specifically including the big 3 (Ford Motor Company, General Motors and Chrysler). The suppliers  are also being pressed by higher energy and input materials’ costs. It has been determined by Industry analyst that automotive companies that accounted for more than $72 billion in sales have filed for chapter 11 protections in 2008. The number of Bankruptcies will continue to rise as the years go by. Domestically, Losing the big 3 to U.S affiliates of foreign- based manufacturers and imports in 2008 have caused a dramatic 50% drop in the market share. Most US suppliers are dependent on these three companies aforementioned. U.S suppliers are currently facing the challenge of penetrating automakers’ supply chains, mostly because these relationships have been long-established with home-market supplies. Ted Ralley is the director of a marketing research for a manufacturer of spare automobiles parts and it’s working on conducting a forecast for the upcoming year. Ted is aware of the forecasting errors and how costly they can be which is why these numbers must be as accurate as possible. In order to perform this forecast, Ted has collected the data on quarterly sales for the previous four years and ran several forecasts using time series forecasting methods. Ted noticed that economic activity and oil prices have impacted significantly the auto part sales and decided that the forecast will be more accurate using econometric variables. Problem Will the econometric variables be a better predictor of sales for the coming year, given the current economic activity and oil prices? Analysis This analysis consisted of the evaluation of the regression model with factors, seasons and the additive Holt-Winters method to generate an accurate forecast of how econometric variables have affected the Auto Parts industry. The analysis involved calculating the errors metrics for the three models (mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), root mean square error (RMSE), MAPE and Theils’ U-statistics (U)) and comparing them against each other. The error metrics were calculated by using the formulas shown below: Table 1.1 Error Metrics Formulas: After studying the data provided it could be determined that there is an upward trend with obvious seasonality. Another factor that played a role in these regressions was the removal of the first two years in order to meet Holt-Winters method guidelines. The first regression was conducted using  Factors was generated by utilizing the data that provided by Ted Ralley from a large manufacturer of spare auto parts for automobiles. The data consisting of the quarterly sales for the previous four years was the dependent variables and independent variables consisted of Time, quarter 2, quarter 3, quarter 4. In this regression quarter 1 was removed in order to avoid over forecasting and binary coding was used to generate dummy factors. After the regression was completed, the independent variables were tested to determine their significance, which was done by performing a regression on the data through Microsoft Excel. Quarter 4 was removed from the model due to the fact that it was statis tically insignificant. This was determined by using backward elimination, which means, a variable that has a P-Value that is greater than .05, is considered insignificant and should be removed from the data and a new regression should be completed. The results from the new regression, shown below, have a P-Value less than .05 being sufficient to reject the null hypothesis (Ha). A very strong positive linear correlation between sales and all the independent variables combined with a 95.47%, leaving an unexplained variance of 4.53 is also demonstrated. According to the textbook â€Å"the most common measure of overall fit is the coefficient of determination (R2)†. Another important measure is the â€Å"standard error (Se), which is derived from the sum of squared residuals for n observations and k predictors† (Poane, Seward, 2013). A smaller Se Indicates a better fit, in this case the Se will be off by around 3.9 million. The coefficients used to run the forecast for 2008 are the following: intercept coefficient + coefficient time x time 1 plus coefficient q2* code for Q2 dummy variable for q2 + plus coefficient q3. Square error was used to find the magnitude of the error; the absolute value of the error to the sale s was found and then preceded to calculate to numerator. Numerator and denominator will be calculated in other to use Thiels’ U. Numerator was calculated as follow: difference between sales minus the sale of initial sale (difference q1-2 sales) /divided by q1 and squared. Bibliography Poane, D., Seward, L. E. (2013). Business Modeling Customized Readings for QNT5040. : Mc Graw Hill Education. Microsoft Office Excel. (2007). Redmond, WA: Microsoft Corporation. Albright, Winston Zappe (2010). Business Modeling, Selections from 4e – QNT 5040 (4th ed.). Mason: Cengage Learning. Aczel,A Sounderpandian,J (2009). Complete Business Statistics 7th edition (592). : Mc Graw Hill Education. U.S. Automotive Parts Industry Annual Assessment. (2009, April 1). . Retrieved June 6, 2014, from http://trade.gov/mas/manufacturing/OAAI/build/groups/public/@tg_oaai/documents/webcontent/tg_oaai_003759.pdf

Great Gatsby :: essays papers

Great Gatsby 3 Write an essay about the character and function of Nick Carraway. Despite the title, Nick Carraway is the first character we meet, and appropriately his role in The Great Gatsby is crucial; without him the story would lack balance and insight. The first chapter is primarily dedicated in establishing his personality and position in the book, then moving on to Tom and Daisy. Nick is our‘ guide, path finder’ in The Great Gatsby; he relates the story as he has seen it and from what others have told him. He strives at all times to be objective, his comments are balanced, as he says just in the first page of the book–‘ I’m inclined to reserve all judgements’. His objectivity is reinforced throughout to us by his scorn of Gatsby– he thoroughly disapproves of him– he‘ represented everything for which I have unaffected scorn’. Yet there is something–‘ some heightened sensitivity to the promises of life’,‘ an extraordinary gift for hope’ that is attractive to Nick, and requires him to make several attempts at describing it. He registers contempt for much of what Gatsby stands for– the falseness, the criminality, but still he likes him. His ability to laugh at Gatsby and his false airs‘ What was that? . . . The picture of Oxford?’ shows he’s neither charmed nor wholly disgusted by Gatsby. Nick sees him as the best of a‘ rotten crowd’, his approval is always relative– compared to Tom and Daisy his dream like innocence is attractive, though twisted into an impossible goal and only nearly achieved by criminality. But compared to Tom’s ruthless attitude to Myrtle and Wilson, Daisy’s careless abandonment of Gatsby and ultimately their complete inability to see their wrong–‘ if you think I didn’t have my share of suffering . . . I sat down and cried like a baby’– put Gatsby in a much fairer light. As Nick says, Gatsby was‘ worth the whole damn bunch put together’. His amusingly contemptuous remarks show his sense of humour, and although he is straight-laced, we are not bored by him. We are told of his age– thirty, which makes us take his opinions seriously, as he is not some immature unworldly man. Nick is introduced directly, but Gatsby remains a distant character for a good while. The establishment of Nick’s reflective, tolerant personality is essential, as are his limitations, so we don’t just dismiss him as Fitzgerald’s mouthpiece. The fact that he disapproves of Gatsby so early on, helps us to go along with his judgements when he tells us of Gatsby and unfolds the story. Our first mysterious glimpse of Gatsby prepares us for much of what is to

Abusiveessaycompleted

Child abuse is a topic that causes rage in many discussions throughout he county because it is outrageous actions against innocent children. Many parents question whether discipline can become child abuse. In the essay â€Å"Justice: Childhood Love Lessons† the author, Bell Hooks, shows how love should occur all around one's household and claims that, â€Å"No one can rightfully claim to be loving when behaving abusively† (Hooks, 1 1). To an extent, that is true. However, in my opinion, maintain that this assertion can be right or wrong, depends on how people perceive about love and punishment.Bell Hooks is an educated woman, feminist, and writer who has dedicated her life to teaching people about civil rights that every human being deserves. She wrote an essay in which she addresses her personal view on the way children should not be hit under any circumstances, because it neglects love; according to her, love and abuse cannot coexist. However, it is unfair to claim th at a slap on the hand is considered abuse, and that if parents commit this type of action, they do not love their child.There is a huge difference between physical punishment and child abuse. A child needs to learn right from wrong, and when the child's actions turn out of control, it s acceptable to spank or hit them in the hand. As long as the hitting stays to a minimum degree, physical punishment is not child abuse. Sometimes, the parents may unintentionally abuse their child because of teaching their parents taught them. They claim to be â€Å"loving' while carrying out punishment, and that would absolutely confuse a child on what love and abuse is.To educate a child, sometimes the punishment is necessary, but the extent of violence carried out to supply the discipline can be considered as abusive. Those physical acts are carried out, such as hitting, slapping, or pinching, cannot be called a â€Å"loving action. When kids were whipped and told that these punishments were â₠¬Ëœfor their own good,† or â€Å"parents are doing this because they love their children,† would definitely be misunderstood when they are told they are being whipped because they are being loved.It is manipulative and sends the wrong message to the children. According to Hooks, â€Å"There is nothing that creates more confusions about love in the minds and hearts of children that unkind and/or cruel punishment meted out by the adults they have been taught they should love and respect. † (Hooks, 1) The mindsets for the kids are overlooked in a caddish way. Their approach would be like, â€Å"Oh, I can hit everyone whenever want†, which this shows the child growing up to be an overall abusive kid living over her or his childhood actions.Overall, there kids perceptions would be the same and think it is alright to do the something and hit anyone at anytime they want. The parents are messing up their child's childhood of learning from right to wrong. In fact, spanking a child the first time shows an overall lesson so that the next time they will think about actions before they act. In some way, kids are still kids, they make mistakes and learn from it which shows them not to CT it up again. Continue on spanking them anytime whenever they do something wrong would leave wounded not only on their bodies but also in their hearts and minds.As young children to becoming young adults, Thai concept would stick with them forever and travel with them when they become older and have kids of their own, and this is not a good example to leave on their kids. Loving is supposed to be a good feeling that brings warmth and security to the heart and reminds of wonderful things. If a boy hitting his girlfriend but telling her that he is hitting her because he loves her, he girlfriend would feel uncertain because loving is supposed to be sweet and wonderful, not hurtful-As the same point, it is wrong to tell a child that they are being loved when they are b eing abused or punished.Claiming to be â€Å"loving' while being abusive is as bad as telling someone that you love them, and then pushing them off a cliff to their death. â€Å"No one can rightfully claim to be loving when behaving abusively/' (Hooks, 1). In this statement, Hooks declared that if a parent is hitting their child, then they are showing no love towards the child. In somehow, disagree with Hooks because she uses the word abuse in such a negative form throughout her whole essay. What exactly does â€Å"behaving abusively' mean?If a person sees the words, â€Å"behaving abusively' the person might be thinking a child was hit in the face and now the child has a black eye, which is abuse. However, Hooks takes the definition of â€Å"behaving abusively' as any type of hitting even if it's the least amount of pain like a slap on the hand, which is not abuse. It is natural for a parent to punish there children in one way or another during their childhood. Children are na ughty and naturally misbehave, and they Anton help it because they are learning what is appropriate and inappropriate.In other words punishment of any kind, let it be pinching, flicking or spanking will result in disorientation in a child's mind. This statement is true to some people, false to others, but overall hooks tends to be bias in her argument. She doesn't explore the different variations of physical punishment and how these punishments affect the child's thought about love. There are many different types Of punishment out there in this cruel world, but not all of them can disorientate a child's mind or heart about eve.Simple physical punishments; such as pinching, flicking, and spanking, are carried out on us at a very young age, and all throughout life. Our parents are here to discipline us, to teach us the difference of right and wrong. When we first misbehave, our parents might tell us to â€Å"knock it off' or â€Å"stop† and they may raise their voice when asse rting these commands. We sometimes stop when told to, but sometimes we ignore their commands and keep misbehaving repeatedly. This is where physical punishment comes into play. A form of physical punishment would and will be carried out on us.At first it may be a simple punishment, but gradually the punishments intensify. Once a punishment has been carried out, many of us become cloaked in fear of punishment and from this fear we learn not to do that mistake again. Simple punishment is used for the good of children and to discipline them, â€Å"Dry. David Safari, father five and grandfather of five, CNN asked him to talk to us about his views on spanking. He said he was spanked as a child, spanked his own children when necessary and believes the occasional use of physical punishment not abuse can be an effective tool for parents. Giddier) Now, not all parents are abusive. Some discipline by spanking or punishing them in a form Of a time-out or taking away of a privilege. As long as the punishment does not fit a crime, it is fine to discipline a child. All parents experience a time that they have to punish their children, but it is not because they hate or dislike them, but because the children need to learn and the punishment is carried out to teach them that what they did was wrong. Bell Hooks writes, â€Å"Why was harsh punishment a gesture of love? † (Hooks, 1) Harsh punishment is hundred percent not a gesture of love.It is a gesture of force in which a parent wants their child to listen to them and behave. Light punishment is a tool of teaching and is carried out of love. Punishment itself is not considered as a gesture of love, but may result because of care, a sub-genre of love. Claiming to be loving while behaving abusively is not correct, and is an ironic statement. Parents often do not know the consequences of confusing their children by using great words that do not belong in a situation such as abuse. And as the result, it will misunderstand the children and make them difficult to overcome in many years later.

World Englishes

World Englishes  refers to the different  varieties of English and for emerging localized or indigenized varieties of English, especially those territories influenced by the United Kingdom or the United States. The study of World Englishes entails of classifying varieties of English used in varied sociolinguistic contexts globally and analyzing how histories of sociolinguistic, multicultural backgrounds and function contexts influence in different regions of the world the use of English. Today, we live in a society which is multilingual for wherever you go, you will be able to meet diverse groups of people who speak individually different tongues. At the same time is when we interact with people from different countries, we hear English with a variety of fluency which often differs from the so-called standard English in terms of pronunciation,  lexis, expression and  grammar (Kubota,  2001). Kashmiri-American linguist Braj B. Kachru, the research pioneer on these linguistic variations and claimed World Englishes  in 1986 initially to refer to the institutionalized varieties of English (Hornberger & McKay, 2010). The term World Englishes is now used to define or describe the nativized and diverse ranges of English spoken in non-native countries, and Kachru (1986) explains that the spreading of English can be categorized into a three concentric circle model that represents the spread and growth of English in the world. In the field of Applied Linguistics, it has been invaluable for researchers to come to grasps with the implications of the omnipresent, highly composite and scary existence of the language. According to Kachru (2003), the world is divided into different circles: the inner circle, countries like United Kingdom, USA, Canada, New Zealand, Australia where English is the L1 or native language, outer circle, countries like Singapore and Philippines which is a community with large speech, great diversity and distinct characteristics while the expanding circle, Chile and Holland which English is an international language where performance varieties were characterized. English may vary or performs in different ways according to the situations, settings, or contexts in which English employed by the speakers from the three circles mentioned. The world Englishes are the result of these diverse sociocultural contexts and diverse uses of the language in culturally distinct international contexts. The agony in world Englishes is the â€Å"Torn between the norms†- the conflict about whose norm should be followed or legitimized from the different varieties in the face of a checkerboard of English use in the world today. They are the ones who have not had an opportunity to study or learn the language and may not be in a state of ecstasy. The ecstasy: English is everywhere, but not available for all people. It gives privileges to those who learned the language formally in schools or acquired it in an early age. The following approaches, in recent years have been used to study world Englishes: (1) the deficit approach; (2) the deviational approach; (3) the contextualization approach; (4) the variational approach; and (5) the interactional approach. The first two approaches have dominated the field out of the five approaches and believed to be the least insightful. The following are just merely a commentary of the issues which are given the utmost importance for our understanding of English in its world context. The following are thus a critique primarily of the two approaches, and that such approaches reflect in the attitudes. (1) Ontological Issues: Conflict between idealization and reality. The issues of attitudes and identity is the core of the problem which attitudes are only partially determined toward a variety of English by linguistic considerations. With concern in the varieties of English, there are two major positions in the Outer Circle: first, the nativist monomodel position, second the functional polymodel position. The monomodel position is well-articulated in two studies; one by Clifford Prator (1968) and by Randolph Quirk (1988) which is almost a generation apart when presented. Quirk sees language range mainly with reference to three models: the demographic, the econo-cultural, and imperial. In the demographic model, population spread together with the language and resulted in several varieties of English in the Inner Circle. The econo-cultural, it says that language spread even though there is no serious population spread. The imperial model, the spread of the language is the result of political (colonial) domination. The last two models resulted in the endocentric varieties of English in Africa, Asia, and the Philippines over a period of time (see e.g. Kachru 1982 and 1986a). The endocentric models are what Quirk's concerns, and their instructions or teaching implications, the English international currency, and generally, the English language good linguistic health. As to the serious practitioners of applied linguistics, it raises a number of questions relevant to them. The second position relates the formal and functional characteristics of English to appropriate sociolinguistic and interactional contexts.

Free Essays on Animal Cruelty

Animal Cruelty Having a household pet can be both rewarding and inspiring. Because household pets are domesticated, they depend on their owner to provide a safe haven for them. When one decides to have a household pet, a great deal of responsibility needs to be taken to provide food, water, shelter and medical attention for the animal. Pets are voiceless and defenseless. They share the world with us, and it is our responsibility to care for the them. Regrettably, some animals become victim to human violence and abuse. Cruelty or abuse is when a person knowingly or intentionally deprives an animal of food, water or medical care, and maliciously tortures, mutilates, or kills the animal [HSUS 1]. Greater awareness is needed in order to help prevent the unnecessary abuse of animals. The majority of the American household family has at least one pet. Under normal circumstances, these loyal and loving animals are often treated as a member of the family. On the flip side, if the pet lives within a violent household like domestic abuse and drug and alcohol abuse, chances are that the animal too has become victim to human abuse. Animals that are living in this type of violent environment are in great danger because they are powerless. Situations like this often go unreported because animals cannot speak up for themselves. According to Dr. John New, "Each year four million women are abused by a husband or boyfriend. Approximately half of those women have animals, (and) half of those with animals say that the animals are abused or killed† [Covington]. Recently, a great awareness has surfaced between the link of domestic human violence and animal cruelty. The Humane Society of the U.S. (HSUS) is one of the largest organizations fighting for the humane treatment of animals and raising awareness in defense of animals that are victims of domestic abuse. Every year, the HSUS releases a report of animal cruelty cases. The most recent ... Free Essays on Animal Cruelty Free Essays on Animal Cruelty Rabbits immobilized in wooden stocks with ulcers in their eyes; baby seals being clubbed over the head, and the infamous shock treatment. Broach the subject with an individual and odds are that they have witnessed footage of one or all of the aforementioned practices and are appalled by the cruelty. Appalled yes, willing to stand up and voice their thoughts... not often. There is one significant reason for this unwillingness by some to stand up for the rights of our fellow inhabitants of this planet, personal convenience. We are systematically cutting down the last forest that provides their shelter to farm cattle; we dump toxic chemicals and sewage into the waters in which they live; we wear the tusks of the last few of their species on our arms, and we pour cosmetic products into their eyes, rectums or vaginas to determine the harmful effects they might cause on humans, even though the physiological differentiation between humans and the animals they use is durastic. On a daily bas is most people do not see their own degree of unintentional support towards this global dilemma, but when compiled on paper one must question how mankind can, with conscience, commit these acts which shame us as human beings. Animals possess the same kinds of feelings and emotions as human beings, and without anesthesia, they are subjected to the pain as well. Mankind often fails to give animals the respect and rights they deserve, they are treated as lifeless, unfeeling scientific specimens and items that we may manipulate at our own convenience and for vanity's sake. Laboratory research involving animals is cruel and merciless treatment of helpless creatures. No law requires that cosmetics and household products be tested on animals. Nevertheless, by six o'clock this evening, hundreds of animals will have had their eyes, skin or gastrointestinal systems unnecessarily burned or destroyed (Sequoia, 27). Two of the most famous animal tests are the Draize, or ... Free Essays on Animal Cruelty Animal Cruelty Having a household pet can be both rewarding and inspiring. Because household pets are domesticated, they depend on their owner to provide a safe haven for them. When one decides to have a household pet, a great deal of responsibility needs to be taken to provide food, water, shelter and medical attention for the animal. Pets are voiceless and defenseless. They share the world with us, and it is our responsibility to care for the them. Regrettably, some animals become victim to human violence and abuse. Cruelty or abuse is when a person knowingly or intentionally deprives an animal of food, water or medical care, and maliciously tortures, mutilates, or kills the animal [HSUS 1]. Greater awareness is needed in order to help prevent the unnecessary abuse of animals. The majority of the American household family has at least one pet. Under normal circumstances, these loyal and loving animals are often treated as a member of the family. On the flip side, if the pet lives within a violent household like domestic abuse and drug and alcohol abuse, chances are that the animal too has become victim to human abuse. Animals that are living in this type of violent environment are in great danger because they are powerless. Situations like this often go unreported because animals cannot speak up for themselves. According to Dr. John New, "Each year four million women are abused by a husband or boyfriend. Approximately half of those women have animals, (and) half of those with animals say that the animals are abused or killed† [Covington]. Recently, a great awareness has surfaced between the link of domestic human violence and animal cruelty. The Humane Society of the U.S. (HSUS) is one of the largest organizations fighting for the humane treatment of animals and raising awareness in defense of animals that are victims of domestic abuse. Every year, the HSUS releases a report of animal cruelty cases. The most recent ...

Trees Make Oxygen, People Use Oxygen

Trees Make Oxygen, People Use Oxygen Trees alone can produce enough oxygen to support all human oxygen needs in North America. Trees are important and benefit the environment. A mature leafy tree produces as much oxygen in a season as 10 people inhale in a year. This quote was by an Arbor Day Foundation report.  For a number of reasons, including tree availability and other photosynthetic plants, human consumption of oxygen produced just by trees can vary dramatically. There is also some question as to how many mature leafy trees are in the United States, but a rough estimate using United States Forest Service (FIA) data would be around 1.5 billion that have reached maturity (assuming they are 20 years old or older). There are approximately three mature trees for every person in the United States... more than enough. Other Tree Oxygen Estimations Here are some other quotes from different sources which may be more or less conservative than  my report: A single mature tree can absorb carbon dioxide at a rate of 48 lbs./year and release enough oxygen back into the atmosphere to support 2 human beings. - ​ McAliney, Mike. Arguments for Land Conservation: Documentation and Information Sources for Land Resources Protection, Trust for Public Land, Sacramento, CA, December, 1993.On average, one tree produces nearly 260 pounds of oxygen each year. Two mature trees can provide enough oxygen for a family of four. - Canadas environmental agency, Environment Canada.Mean net annual oxygen production (after accounting for decomposition) per hectare of trees (100% tree canopy) offsets oxygen consumption of 19 people per year (eight people per acre of tree cover), but ranges from nine people per hectare of canopy cover (four people/ac cover) in Minneapolis, Minnesota, to 28 people/ha cover (12 people/ac cover) in Calgary, Alberta. - U.S. Forest Service and International Society of Arboriculture joint publication. Considerations Several of these sources suggest that it all depends on the tree species and their local populations. Other things that will increase oxygen availability to humans is a trees health and where you live when computing tree oxygen availability per person.

International Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words - 2

International Business Strategy - Essay Example 11). The analysis focuses on internationalization of Koyo Jeans through its value chain, strategic abilities, and SWOT analysis. SWOT analysis of Koyo Jeans provides a summary of central issues from value chains and the strategic abilities of the company. It is imperative to align the company’s strength and weaknesses to the available opportunities and threats (Caprarescu, Stancu & Aron, 2013, pg. 52). Concerning the strength of this brand, Koyo Jeans built a strong international reputation over a period of ten years. The firm put in place a computer-based system that is advantageous to control and plan inventory as well as ordering. It is clear that Koyo Jeans built a universal reputation through application for admission to Harbor city, which was an excellent shopping mall. Similarly, strength of the brand was in the creation of low-end products for wholesale at reduced prices. This enabled the short period of an inventory cycle as well as capital returns. Meanwhile, the high-grade brand created a reputable brand name and clientele loyalty in the long term. Cheung, the owner of Koyo Jeans had a strat egy of choosing experienced franchise companies that assured brand quality and reputation. Concerning the weaknesses, the company lacked adequate skilled personnel about rapid expansion. The limited personnel comprised of regional managers and visual merchandisers. At first, Cheung worked alone to expand the company with many mistakes that saw the company risking losses. However, as the company continued to expand, Jeffiny Yau and Grace Kwok joined the company in 2001. Yau had studied fashion design and brought in much help to the company ensuring increased expansion. As the company expanded in terms of scale, Yau moved from the design assistant position to brand manager. Kwok was in charge of all administrative and human resource activities. Second

Muman resource management Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Muman resource management - Assignment Example Human resource planning occurs in the broad context of strategic and organizational planning of business involving forecasting the future needs of an organization in terms of human resources and the way in which it will be met. The main perspective of this assignment is to critically analyze the human resources based function of a selected organization and the company which has been selected for the same is Toyota Inc. Toyota: A Detailed Overview Toyota is basically an auto manufacturing company, with its headquartering located in Tokyo, Japan. The name of the company has been abbreviated with the name of Toyota Motor Company (TMC). After the names of General Motors and Volkswagen, Toyota is known as the 3rd largest automobile company of the world. It was 1937, when this great company has been founded by Kiicchiro Toyoda. TMC is basically a subsidiary of Toyota Group, one of the largest conglomerate groups of the world, both in terms of size and revenue recognition as well. The share s of the company are registered on three different stock exchanges of the world, which predominantly are New York Stock Exchange (NYSE), London Stock Exchange (LSE) and Tokyo Stock Exchange (TSE). Toyota made 7,308,039 of units in the fiscal year 2011. Apart from that, the company also earned net revenue of Japanese Yen (JPY) 18.583 trillion in the fiscal year 2012 with net income of JPY 283.55 billion. The company currently has more than 300,000 employees working in around 60 countries of the world (Financial Highlights of Toyota, 2012). The shares of the company are very famous among the general public and most of the investors think that it would be wonderful choice to invest only in the stocks of Toyota merely because of its high growth rate and strategy to comply with the effective compliance with both internal and external stakeholders. HR planning in Toyota Toyota is one of those companies which bounds with ad hoc and perfect strategies both in marketing and Human Resources v iewpoint. The company complies with all the sufficient knowledge and information about the Human Resources functions and has a great knowledge about all the labor laws (Christopher & Jain, 2010, 475). Toyota Inc equips their human resources manager and heads regarding managing their workforce accordingly and effectively as according to them, it is the most important and essential function for them. The company has a perfect loyalty and promotion system for the employees from which the motivation level of the employees enhanced tremendously well. Toyota is one of those companies which have a very low turnover rate merely because of its human’s friendly strategies. By far and large, it could be said that Toyota Inc is moving with a perfect human resource policy from which they can attract the recognition of more and more employees. Human resource policies refers to the formal guidelines and rules that is put by businesses in place to train, hire, reward and assess the members o f their work force. Sound human resource policy is very essential in the growth of any business or company (Poole, 1999, 457). One of the greatest human resources policy initiated by the company is the utilization of management by objectives (MBO) in which the management gets the employees participated in